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A bile acid; formed by 7α-hydroxylation of 27-hydroxycholesterol; precursor in the biosynthesis of chenodeoxycholic acid; levels are increased in patients with neonatal liver disease harboring mutations in CYP7A1, as well as in patients with intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholestasis
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Traumatic acid is a product of the hydroperoxide lyase pathway in plants. It is a wound healing agent that stimulates cell division near a wound site to form a protective callus.{770}
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Pinolenic acid is a PUFA found in Korean pine (Pinus orientalis) and maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) seed oils. Both oils have been found to have lipid-lowering properties. A diet containing maritime pine seed oil (MPSO) lowered HDL and ApoA1 levels in transgenic mice expressing human ApoA1. MPSO was found to diminish cholesterol efflux in vitro.{14273} Korean pine seed oil supplements may help in obesity by reduction of appetite. People taking this oil had an increase in the satiety hormones CCK and GLP-1 and a reduced desire to EAt.{14280} The activity of the oil is attributed to pinolenic acid. Pinolenic acid is not converted to arachidonic acid metabolically and can reduce arachidonic acid levels in the phosphatidylinositol fraction of Hep-G2 cells from 15.9% to 7.0%.{8724}
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A metabolite of L-lysine; inhibits GABA binding in bovine brain homogenate in the presence, but not absence, of hexobarbital or pentobarbital (IC50s = 0.2 and 2 nM, respectively); serum levels are elevated in patients with Zellweger syndrome
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One of several monounsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids; combined C20:1 isomers constitute approximately 70% of the total fatty acid pool in jojoba seed oil
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One of several monounsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids; combined C20:1 isomers constitute approximately 70% of the total fatty acid pool in jojoba seed oil
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A component of bacterial peptidoglycan; linked to GlcNAc by β-1,4 linkages in an alternating pattern, as well as to the peptide side chains via its lactyl side chain, in native peptidoglycan
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An elongation product of γ-linolenic acid (18:3), rapidly metabolized by fatty acid desaturases to produce arachidonic acid (20:4); metabolized through the cyclooxygenase pathway to produce 1-series prostaglandins; can reduce atopic dermatitis and atherosclerosis when added to the diet of mice
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